Yes, F1 can have 20 hours on campus employment during the semester, unlimited off-Campus employment through curriculum practical training (CPT) during holiday. However, jobs with CPT must be inline with the student discipline. And lastly, when the student graduate, he or she can work with 1 year OPT if its disclipline is non STEM or 3 year OPT if it’s a STEM. discipline . And before any smart international student finish up his/her OPT, he/she must find a company that can sponsor him/her on H1B which is the route that can one permanent residence if willing you stay in the US after study. Note: there re many other routes, if the said student can go grad school. There re many resources out there on it. USCIS website is a good resource starting point.

You basically can't change your status unless you get sponsored for a job or get married. That's it, unfortunately. They don't expect F1 students to remain here longer than they need to, which is up to a year after graduation and only to get work experience. Then you're expected to leave.

Thank you